Unit 6
Glossary
Accelerated 7
A base is a specific face of a prism or pyramid.
A prism has 2 identical bases that are parallel. A pyramid has 1 base.
A prism or pyramid is named for the shape of its base.
A cone is a three-dimensional figure like a pyramid, but the 1 base is a circle.
From an earlier course.
A cross-section is the new face that is seen when a three-dimensional figure is sliced.
A rectangular pyramid is sliced parallel to the base. The cross-section is a smaller rectangle.
A cylinder is a three-dimensional figure like a prism, but with 2 bases that are circles.
From an earlier course.
A dependent variable represents the output of a function.
For example, someone needs to buy 20 pieces of fruit and decides to buy apples and bananas. If they select the number of apples first, the equation \(b=20-a\) shows the number of bananas they can buy. The number of bananas is the dependent variable because it depends on the number of apples.
A function is a rule that has exactly 1 output for each possible input.
In the function \(y=6x+4\), \(x\) is the input and \(y\) is the output. When \(x\) is 5, \(y\) has one value, 34.
\(\begin{align} y&=6x+4\\ y&=6(5)+4 \\ y&=34 \\ \end{align} \)
An independent variable represents the input of a function.
For example, suppose someone needs to buy 20 pieces of fruit and decides to buy some apples and bananas. If they select the number of apples first, the equation \(b=20-a\) shows the number of bananas they can buy. The number of apples is the independent variable because any number can be chosen for it.
A prism is a type of polyhedron with 2 bases that are identical and parallel. The bases are connected by parallelograms.
Here are some drawings of prisms.
A pyramid is a type of polyhedron that has 1 base. All the other faces are triangles that meet at a single vertex.
Here are some drawings of pyramids.
A radius is a line segment that goes from the center of a circle to any point on the circle. The length of this segment is also called the radius. Every radius of a circle is the same length.
For example, \(r\) is the radius of this circle with center \(O\).
From an earlier course.
A sphere is a three-dimensional figure where any cross-section is a circle.
From an earlier course.
The surface area of a polyhedron is the number of square units that covers all of its faces with no gaps or overlaps.
For example, the 6 faces of a cube each have an area of 9 cm2. So, the surface area of the cube is \(6 \boldcdot 9\), or 54 cm2.